NEETS MODULE 10 CHAPTER 1 WAVE PROPAGATION
Q1. What is propagation?
Q2. How is a wave defined as it applies to wave propagation?
Q3. What is wave motion?
Q4. What are some examples of wave motion?
Q5. What type of wave motion is represented by the motion of water?
Q6. What are some examples of transverse waves?
Q7. What example of a longitudinal wave was given in the text?
Q8. What are the three requirements for a wave to be propagated?
Q9. What is a cycle?
Q10
Q11. What is the law of reflection?
Q12. When a wave is reflected from a surface, energy is transferred. When is the transfer of energygreatest?
Q13. When is the transfer of energy minimum?
Q14. A refracted wave occurs when a wave passes from one medium into another medium. Whatdetermines the angle of refraction?
Q15. The apparent change in frequency or pitch because of motion is explained by what effect?
Q16. What term describes sounds capable of being heard by the human ear?
Q17. Are all sounds audible to the human ear? Why?
Q18. Sound waves transmitted from a source are sometimes weak when they reach the detector. Whatinstrument is needed to boost the weak signal?
Q19. What are the three basic requirements for sound?
Q20. What are the two general groups of sound?
Q21. What are the three basic characteristics of sound?
Q22. What is the normal audible range of the human ear?
Q23. What is intensity as it pertains to sound?
Q24. What characteristic of sound enables a person to distinguish one musical instrument fromanother, if they are all playing the same note?
Q25. How does density and temperature affect the velocity of sound?
Q26. What term is used in describing the science of sound?
Q27. A sound wave that is reflected back toward the source is known as what type of sound?
Q28. What is the term for multiple reflections of sound waves?
Q29. A cavity that vibrates at its natural frequency produces a louder sound than at other frequencies.What term is used to describe this phenomenon?
Q30. What do we call a disturbance that distracts or distorts the quality of sound?
Q31. What are three means of producing light?
Q32. What is the smallest unit of radiant energy?
Q33. What unit is used to measure the different wavelengths of light?
Q34. What are the three primary colors of light?
Q35. What are the three secondary colors of light?
Q36. White light falls upon a dull, rough, dark-brown object. Will the light primarily be reflected,diffused, or absorbed by the object?
Q37. What color will be emitted by a dull, rough, black object when white light falls upon it?
Q38. A substance that transmits light but through which an object cannot be seen clearly is known aswhat kind of substance?
Q39. At what speed does light travel?
Q40. A light wave enters a sheet of glass at a perfect right angle to the surface. Is the majority of thewave reflected, refracted, transmitted, or absorbed?
Q41. When light strikes a piece of white paper, the light is reflected in all directions. What do we callthis scattering of light?
Q42. What three examples of electromagnetic energy are mentioned in the text?
Q43. What is the main difference between the bulk of the electromagnetic spectrum and the visualspectrum?
Q44. What are the two components (fields) that make up the electromagnetic wave?
Q45. What do we call a conductor (or set of conductors) that radiates electromagnetic energy intospace?
Q46. What do we call the field that is created between two rods when a voltage is applied to them?
Q47. When current flows through a conductor, a field is created around the conductor. What do wecall this field?
Q48. An induction field is created around a conductor when current flows through it. What do we callthe field that detaches itself from the conductor and travels through space?
NEETS MODULE 10 CHAPTER 2 RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
Q1. Which two composite fields (composed of E and H fields) are associated with every antenna?
Q2. What composite field (composed of E and H fields) is found stored in the antenna?
Q3. What composite field (composed of E and H fields) is propagated into free space?
Q4. What is the term used to describe the basic frequency of a radio wave?
Q5. What is the term used to describe a whole number multiple of the basic frequency of a radiowave?
Q6. It is known that WWV operates on a frequency of 10 megahertz. What is the wavelength of WWV?
Q7. A station is known to operate at 60-meters. What is the frequency of the unknown station?
Q8. If a transmitting antenna is placed close to the ground, how should the antenna be polarized togive the greatest signal strength?
Q9. In the right-hand rule for propagation, the thumb points in the direction of the E field and theforefinger points in the direction of the H field. In what direction does the middle finger point?
Q10. What is one of the major reasons for the fading of radio waves which have been reflected from asurface?
Q11. What are the three layers of the atmosphere?
Q12. Which layer of the atmosphere has relatively little effect on radio waves?
Q13. What is the determining factor in classifying whether a radio wave is a ground wave or a spacewave?
Q14. What is the best type of surface or terrain to use for radio wave transmission?
Q15. What is the primary difference between the radio horizon and the natural horizon?
Q16. What three factors must be considered in the transmission of a surface wave to reduceattenuation?
Q17. What causes ionization to occur in the ionosphere?
Q18. How are the four distinct layers of the ionosphere designated?
Q19. What is the height of the individual layers of the ionosphere?
Q20. What factor determines whether a radio wave is reflected or refracted by the ionosphere?
Q21. There is a maximum frequency at which vertically transmitted radio waves can be refracted backto Earth. What is this maximum frequency called?
Q22. What three main factors determine the amount of refraction in the ionosphere?
Q23. What is the skip zone of a radio wave?
Q24. Where does the greatest amount of ionospheric absorption occur in the ionosphere?
Q25. What is meant by the term "multipath"?
Q26. When a wide band of frequencies is transmitted simultaneously, each frequency will vary in theamount of fading. What is this variable fading called?
Q27. What are the two main sources of emi with which radio waves must compete?
Q28. Thunderstorms, snowstorms, cosmic sources, the sun, etc., are a few examples of emi sources.What type of emi comes from these sources?
Q29. Motors, switches, voltage regulators, generators, etc., are a few examples of emi sources. Whattype of emi comes from these sources?
Q30. What are three ways of controlling the amount of transmitter-generated emi?
Q31. What are three ways of controlling radiated emi during transmission?
Q32. What are the two general types of variations in the ionosphere?
Q33. What is the main difference between these two types of variations?
Q34. What are the four main classes of regular variation which affect the extent of ionization in theionosphere?
Q35. What are the three more common types of irregular variations in the ionosphere?
Q36. What do the letters muf, luf, and fot stand for?
Q37. When is muf at its highest and why?
Q38. What happens to the radio wave if the luf is too low?
Q39. What are some disadvantages of operating transmitters at or near the luf?
Q40. What are some disadvantages of operating a transmitter at or near the muf?
Q41. What is fot?
Q42. How do raindrops affect radio waves?
Q43. How does fog affect radio waves at frequencies above 2 gigahertz?
Q44. How is the term "temperature inversion" used when referring to radio waves?
Q45. How does temperature inversion affect radio transmission?
Q46. In what layer of the atmosphere does virtually all weather phenomena occur?
Q47. Which radio frequency bands use the tropospheric scattering principle for propagation of radiowaves?
Q48. Where is the tropospheric region that contributes most strongly to tropospheric scatterpropagation?
NEETS MODULE 10 CHAPTER 3 PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSION LINES
Q1. What connecting link is used to transfer energy from a radio transmitter to its antenna located onthe mast of a ship?
Q2. What term is used for the end of the transmission line that is connected to a transmitter?
Q3. What term is used for the end of the transmission line that is connected to an antenna?
Q4. List the five types of transmission lines in use today.
Q5. Name two of the three described uses of a two-wire open line
Q6. What are the two primary disadvantages of a two-wire open line?
Q7. What type of transmission line is often used to connect a television set to its antenna?
Q8. What is the primary advantage of the shielded pair?
Q9. What are the two types of coaxial lines in use today?
Q10. What is the chief advantage of the air coaxial line?
Q11. List the three disadvantages of the air coaxial line
Q12. List the two common types of waveguides in use today.
Q13. What are the three types of line losses associated with transmission lines?
Q14. Losses caused by skin effect and the I 2 R (power) loss are classified as what type of loss?
Q15. What types of losses cause the dielectric material between the conductors to be heated?
Q16. What must the physical length of a transmission line be if it will be operated at 15,000,000 Hz?Use the formula:
Q17. What are two of the three physical factors that determine the values of capacitance andinductance of a transmission line?
Q18. A transmission line is said to have distributed constants of inductance, capacitance, andresistance along the line. What units of measurement are used to express these constants?
Q19. Describe the leakage current in a transmission line and in what unit it is expressed.
Q20. All the power sent down a transmission line from a transmitter can be transferred to an antennaunder what optimum conditions?
Q21. What symbol is used to designate the characteristic impedance of a line, and what two variablesdoes it compare?
Q22. What is the range of the characteristic impedance of lines used in actual practice?
Q23. Two types of waves are formed on a transmission line. What names are given to these waves?
Q24. In figure 3-27, which waveforms on the left have a resultant wave of zero, and what is indicated bythese waves?
Q25. On an open-ended transmission line, the voltage is always zero at what distance from each end ofthe line?
Q26. A nonresonant line is a line that has no standing waves of current and voltage on it and isconsidered to be flat. Why is this true?
Q27. On an open line, the voltage and impedance are maximum at what points on the line?
Q28. At what point on an open-circuited rf line do voltage peaks occur?
Q29. What is the square of the voltage standing-wave ratio called?
Q30. What does vswr measure?
NEETS MODULE 10 CHAPTER 4 ANTENNAS
Q1. What are the two basic classifications of antennas?
Q2. What are the three parts of a complete antenna system?
Q3. What three factors determine the type, size, and shape of an antenna?
Q4. If a wave travels exactly the length of an antenna from one end to the other and back during theperiod of 1 cycle, what is the length of the antenna?
Q5. What is the term used to identify the points of high current and high voltage on an antenna?
Q6. What is the term used to identify the points of minimum current and minimum voltage on anantenna?
Q7. The various properties of a transmitting antenna can apply equally to the same antenna when it isused as a receiving antenna. What term is used for this property?
Q8. The direction of what field is used to designate the polarization of a wave?
Q9. If a wave's electric lines of force rotate through 360 degrees with every cycle of rf energy, what isthe polarization of this wave?
Q10. What type of polarization should be used at medium and low frequencies?
Q11. What is an advantage of using horizontal polarization at high frequencies?
Q12. What type of polarization should be used if an antenna is mounted on a moving vehicle atfrequencies below 50 megahertz?
Q13. What is the radiation resistance of a half-wave antenna in free space?
Q14. A radiating source that radiates energy stronger in one direction than another is known as whattype of radiator?
Q15. A radiating source that radiates energy equally in all directions is known as what type ofradiator?
Q16. A flashlight is an example of what type of radiator?
Q17. What terms are often used to describe basic half-wave antennas?
Q18. If a basic half-wave antenna is mounted vertically, what type of radiation pattern will beproduced?
Q19. In which plane will the half-wave antenna be operating if it is mounted horizontally?
Q20. Since the radiation pattern of a dipole is similar to that of a doublet, what will happen to thepattern if the length of the doublet is increased?
Q21. What is the simplest method of feeding power to the half-wave antenna?
Q22. What is the radiation pattern of a quarter-wave antenna?
Q23. Describe the physical arrangement of a ground screen
Q24. What is the difference in the amount of impedance between a three-wire dipole and a simplecenter-fed dipole?
Q25. Which has a wider frequency range, a simple dipole or a folded dipole?
Q26. What is the purpose of antenna stubs?
Q27. What is the primary difference between the major and minor lobes of a radiation pattern?
Q28. What is the maximum number of elements ordinarily used in a collinear array?
Q29. Why is the number of elements used in a collinear array limited?
Q30. How can the frequency range of a collinear array be increased?
Q31. How is directivity of a collinear array affected when the number of elements is increased?
Q32. What is the primary cause of broadside arrays losing efficiency when not operating at theirdesigned frequency?
Q33. When more than two elements are used in a broadside array, how are the elements arranged?
Q34. As the spacing between elements in a broadside array increases, what is the effect on the majorlobes?
Q35. What are some disadvantages of the end-fire array?
Q36. Where does the major lobe in the end-fire array occur?
Q37. To maintain the required balance of phase relationships and critical feeding, how must theend-fire array be constructed?
Q38. What two factors determine the directivity pattern of the parasitic array?
Q39. What two main advantages of a parasitic array can be obtained by combining a reflector and adirector with the driven element?
Q40. The parasitic array can be rotated to receive or transmit in different directions. What is the namegiven to such an antenna?
Q41. What are the disadvantages of the parasitic array?
Q42. What is the advantage of adding parasitic elements to a Yagi array?
Q43. The Yagi antenna is an example of what type of array?
Q44. To radiate power efficiently, a long-wire antenna must have what minimum overall length?
Q45. What is another name for the Beverage antenna?
Q47. What is the main disadvantage of the rhombic antenna?
Q48. What is the primary reason for the development of the turnstile antenna?
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