NEETS MODULE 22 CHAPTER 1 OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
Q-1. How are computers classified?
Q-2. Mechanical computers are considered to be of what type?
Q-3. The Navy uses analog computers primarily for what purpose?
Q-4. How do electromechanical computers differ from the mechanical computers?
Q-5. In electronic computers, vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors and transistors have beenreplaced by what device?
Q-6. A computer that is designed to perform a specific operation and usually satisfies the needs of aparticular type of problem, is said to be what type of computer?
Q-7. Rather than using a stored program, a special-purpose computer's applicability to a particularproblem is a function of what?
Q-8. What is a drawback to the special-purpose computer?
Q-9. A general-purpose computer is designed for what purpose?
Q-10. How is a general-purpose computer able to perform different operations?
Q-11. In a general-purpose computer, the ability to perform a wide variety of operations is achieved atthe expense of what capabilities?
Q-12. All analog computers are what type of computers?
Q-13. What are analog computers designed to measure?
Q-14. Early analog computers were what type of devices?
Q-15. What are computers called that combine the functions of both analog and digital computers?
Q-16. Digital computers are generally used for what purposes?
Q-17. What is the fundamental difference between analog and digital computers?
Q-18. How is the accuracy of an analog computer restricted?
Q-19. A constant represented by a voltage can be read to what decimal place?
Q-20. The accuracy of a digital computer is governed by what factor?
Q-21. In a digital computer, what does the number of decimal places in the constant depend on?
Q-22. You will most likely be working with what type of computer?
Q-23. Technological advancement is measured by what, in the electronic computer world?
Q-24. What does each generation of computer systems indicate?
Q-25. What were computers of the first generation characterized by?
Q-26. How did vacuum tubes cause a problem for first generation computers?
Q-27. In first generation computers, internal processing functions were measured by what division oftime?
Q-28. The software (computer program) used on first generation computers was what type?
Q-29. How were processing speed and reliability increased in second generation computers?
Q-30. In second generation computers, how was the storage capacity greatly increased?
Q-31. With improvements in software, what kind of computer languages could be used on secondgeneration computers?
Q-32. What do the smaller circuits in third generation computers allow for?
Q-33. On third generation computers, what results are gained by faster internal processing speeds?
Q-34. The data cell had a storage capacity of how many characters?
Q-35. What type of applications were most third generation computer systems designed to accomplish?
Q-36. What type of computers are small and inexpensive yet provide a lot of computing power?
Q-37. What does the acronym ROM stand for?
Q-38. What will be one of the future challenges involving computer power?
Q-39. What term is used for programs such as assemblers, compilers, and operating systems?
Q-40. What is one of the more widespread uses of the computer?
Q-41. What is the great advantage of computers over typewriters?
Q-42. How are word processing programs used by the Navy?
Q-43. How many systems dealing with accounting applications have been widely accepted?
Q-44. What does the acronym S-N-A-P stand for?
Q-45. For what purposes is the SNAP II system designed?
Q-46. What does user friendly mean in computer terms?
Q-47. What does a password prevent?
Q-48. In the SNAP II system, how are the different levels of entry defined?
Q-49. The work center supervisor can update what items from a user terminal?
Q-50. At present what type of classified use is allowed for SNAP II?
Q-51. What is a central set of programs called that manages the execution of other programs andperforms common functions like read, write, and print?
Q-52. What is the function of a built-in program called a bootstrap loader?
Q-53. When you see the error message NO SYSTEM, what does it mean?
Q-54. When an operating system prompt (A>) is displayed on the screen, what do you enter from thekeyboard to load an application program?
Q-55. If disks are stored horizontally, how many can be stacked?
Q-56. What can exposure to a magnetic field do to the data on a disk?
Q-57. What is the temperature range within which a disk will operate?
Q-58. What is the most common method to ensure that any stored data lost can be recovered?
Q-59. The most common method of creating a backup for a microcomputer is what?
Q-60. Other than disk, what is another media used for backup files?
NEETS MODULE 22 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE
Q-1. What is the brain of a computer system?
Q-2. How many sections make up the central processing unit?
Q-3. What are the names of the sections that make up the cpu?
Q-4. The control section can be compared to what?
Q-5. What are the four major types of instructions in the control section?
Q-6. What capability allows the arithmetic/logic section to test various conditions encountered duringprocessing and take action based on the result?
Q-7. In the arithmetic/logic section, data is returned to what section after processing?
Q-8. What is the process by which instructions and data are read into a computer?
Q-9. Magnetic core storage is made up of what?
Q-10. A semiconductor memory consists of what?
Q-11. What is another name for semiconductor memory chips?
Q-12. In computer storage, what does volatile mean?
Q-13. What type of storage can retain its data even if there is a power failure or breakdown?
Q-14. Bubble memory consists of what?
Q-15. How are the magnetic domains of a bubble memory switched?
Q-16. What do we mean when we say that reading from bubble memory is nondestructive?
Q-17. In what type of memory are often used instructions and programs permanently stored inside thecomputer?
Q-18. Who provides the programs stored in ROM?
Q-19. Can programs in ROM be changed?
Q-20. What is another name for random-access memory (RAM)?
Q-21. How is data read from or written into RAM?
Q-22. In what two states can programmable read-only memory (PROM) be purchased?
Q-23. What is the main disadvantage of PROM?
Q-24. What does EPROM stand for?
Q-25. How is EPROM erased?
Q-26. Why are disk storage devices popular?
Q-27. How is data stored on all disks?
Q-28. What precedes each record on a disk?
Q-29. How is the storage capacity of a disk determined?
Q-30. What two ways can data be physically organized on a disk pack?
Q-31. The amount of data that can be stored on a linear inch of tape is known by what term?
Q-32. The length of tape between BOT and EOT is referred to by what term?
Q-33. How does a magnetic drum differ from a magnetic disk?
Q-34. Tracks on each channel of a magnetic drum are grouped into what?
Q-35. What is the purpose of any magnetic tape unit?
Q-36. What are the major differences between magnetic tape units?
Q-37. Why is direct accessing of data a big advantage over the sequential accessing of data?
Q-38. What is a floppy disk?
Q-39. What are the three most common sizes of floppy disks?
Q-40. What output device expresses coded characters as hard copy (paper documents)?
Q-41. What four types of printers are commonly used with personal computers?
Q-42. What is the primary purpose of a keyboard?
Q-43. Raster scan or tv scan video monitors are used extensively for what purpose?
Q-44. How many fields make up a frame?
Q-45. A field is approximately how many horizontal lines?
Q-46. What are picture elements often called?
Q-47. Vertical resolution depends on what?
Q-48. Flat panel displays are designed to reduce what problem of a crt display?
Q-49. What does the liquid crystal display require for computer applications?
NEETS MODULE 22 CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE
Q-1. What is the heart of any computer system?
Q-2. Which types of operating systems are the simplest and most common on microcomputers?
Q-3. What types of operating systems let more than one user access the same resources at the sametime?
Q-4. Why is the availability of applications software for a particular operating system critical?
Q-5. How is the applications software compatibility problem overcome?
Q-6. What programs eliminate the need for programmers to write new programs when all they want todo is copy, print, or sort a data file?
Q-7. How do we tell a utility program what we want it to do?
Q-8. What is the term given to arranging data records in a predefined sequence or order?
Q-9. To sort a data file, what must you tell the sort program?
Q-10. What are report program generators used for?
Q-11. With early computers, the programmer had to translate instructions into what type of languageform?
Q-12. When were mnemonic instruction codes and symbolic addresses developed?
Q-13. What led to the development of procedure oriented languages?
Q-14. What computer language was developed for mathematical work?
Q-15. What are two disadvantages of procedure oriented languages?
Q-16. What is programming?
Q-17. In programming, how many steps are involved in solving a problem on a computer?
Q-18. What is required before you can actually start to write or code a program?
Q-19. In flowcharting, what method is used to represent different operations, data flow, equipment, andso forth?
Q-20. What type of flowchart is constructed by the programmer to represent the sequence of operationsthe computer is to perform to solve a specific problem?
Q-21. How many tools are used in flowcharting?
Q-22. Is there a "best way" to construct a flowchart?
Q-23. What controls the computer during processing?
Q-24. What is the fundamental element in program preparation?
Q-25. What type of instructions permit addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division?
Q-26. Where is specific information about the computer you are to use contained?
Q-27. How do we refer to errors caused by faulty logic and coding mistakes?
Q-28. What is the purpose of testing a program?
Q-29. What is packaged software?
Q-30. What are some of the other features and software available with a word processing softwarepackage?
Q-31. What software allows you to enter data and then retrieve it in a variety of ways?
Q-32. What are spreadsheets?
Q-33. Are all printers capable of handling graphics output?
NEETS MODULE 22 CHAPTER 4 DATA REPRESENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
Q-1. What is a general term used to describe raw facts?
Q-2. How is data represented?
Q-3. What were the first computers designed to manipulate in order to solve arithmetic problems?
Q-4. By what two means can the data contained on a source document be converted into a machinereadableform for processing?
Q-5. What are some of the types of input media on which data may be indirectly entered?
Q-6. What does the acronym EBCDIC stand for?
Q-7. By using an 8-bit code, how many characters or bit combinations can be represented?
Q-8. What is the base of a hexadecimal number system?
Q-9. What term is used for the representation of two numeric characters stored in eight bits?
Q-10. What does the acronym ASCII mean?
Q-11. What was the purpose of several computer manufacturers cooperating to develop ASCII code for processing and transmitting data?
Q-12. Are there any differences in the concepts and advantages of ASCII and EBCDIC?
Q-13. How is the parity bit in each storage location used?
Q-14. A computer or device that uses 8-bit ASCII or EBCDIC will use how many bits to store eachcharacter?
Q-15. What area in the computer's primary storage area holds the processing instructions (theprogram)?
Q-16. How are the boundaries determined for the separate areas of the computer's primary storagearea?
Q-17. What is a bit?
Q-18. How many bits make up a byte?
Q-19. Primary storage capacities are usually specified in what unit of measure?
Q-20. How are core planes formed?
Q-21. Where are core planes used?
Q-22. Who designs and builds the storage capacity of an address into a computer?
Q-23. What is another name for computers designed to be character-oriented orcharacter-addressable?
Q-24. Which computer has the faster calculating speeds, the variable-word-length or thefixed-word-length?
Q-25. What is the normal organization of data recorded on magnetic storage media?
Q-26. What is a file?
Q-27. Punched cards, paper tape, and magnetic tape use what storage access method?
Q-28. What kind of storage allows you to access the 125th record without having to read the 124records in front of it?
Q-29. Random-access storage media refers to what types of storage?
Q-30. Any system composed of one or more computers and terminals can be defined as what?
Q-31. A network system allows dissimilar machines to do what within one universal system?
Q-32. What does the make-up of a local area network consist of?
Q-33. How many designs of local area networks are there that can be used?
Q-34. What are the different designs of local area networks called?
Q-35. What is a baseband communication channel like?
Q-36. What do wide area networks provide for?
Q-37. Where does the word modem come from?
Q-38. What are interface elements?
Q-39. How does a modem know when to expect data?
Q-40. Whenever data is transferred between devices, it involves the exchange of prearranged signals;what is this process called?
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