NEETS MODULE 7 CHAPTER 1 SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES
Q1. What is a solid-state device?
Q2. Define the term negative temperature coefficient.

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Q3. Name three of the largest users of semiconductor devices
Q4. State one requirement of an electron tube, which does not exist for semiconductors, that makes thetube less efficient than the semiconductor
Q5. Define matter and list its three different states.
Q6. What is the smallest particle into which an element can be broken down and still retain all itsoriginal properties?
Q7. What are the three particles that comprise an atom and state the type of charge they hold?
Q8. What is the outer shell of an atom called?
Q9. What term is used to describe the definite discrete amounts of energy required to move an electronfrom a low shell to a higher shell?
Q10. What is a negative ion?
Q11. What is the main difference in the energy arrangement between an isolated atom and the atom in asolid?
Q12. What determines, in terms of energy bands, whether a substance is a good insulator,semiconductor, or conductor?
Q13. What determines the chemical activity of an atom?
Q14. What is the term used to describe the sharing of valence electrons between two or more atoms?
Q15. Name the two types of current flow in a semiconductor.
Q16. What is the name given to a piece of pure semiconductor material that has an equal number ofelectrons and holes?
Q17. What is the name given to a doped germanium crystal with an excess of free holes?
Q18. What are the majority carriers in an N-type semiconductor?
Q19. What is the purpose of a PN junction diode?
Q20. In reference to the schematic symbol for a diode, do electrons flow toward or away from thearrow?
Q21. What type of PN diode is formed by using a fine metal wire and a section of N-type semiconductormaterial?
Q22. What are the majority carriers in a P-type semiconductor?
Q23. Conduction in which type of semiconductor material is similar to conduction in a copper wire?
Q24. What is the name of the area in a PN junction that has a shortage of electrons and holes?
Q25. In order to reverse bias in a PN junction, what terminal of a battery is connected to the Pmaterial?
Q26. What type of bias opposes the PN junction barrier?
Q27. What is a load?
Q28. What is the output of a half-wave rectifier?
Q29. What type of rectifier is constructed by sandwiching a section of semiconductor material betweentwo metal plates?
Q30. What type of bias makes a diode act as a closed switch?
Q31. What is used to show how diode parameters vary over a full operating range?
Q32. What is meant by diode ratings?
Q33. What does the letter "N" indicate in the semiconductor identification system?
Q34. What type of diode has orange, blue, and gray bands?
Q35. What is the greatest threat to a diode?
Q36. When checking a diode with an ohmmeter, what is indicated by two high resistancemeasurements?
NEETS MODULE 7 CHAPTER 2 TRANSISTORS
Q1. What is the name given to the semiconductor device that has three or more elements?
Q2. What electronic function made the transistor famous?
Q3. In which direction does the arrow point on an NPN transistor?
Q4. What was the name of the very first transistor?
Q5. What is one of the most important parts of any transistor manufacturing process?
Q6. To properly bias an NPN transistor, what polarity voltage is applied to the collector, and what is itsrelationship to the base voltage?
Q7. Why is conduction through the forward-biased junction of an NPN transistor primarily in onedirection, namely from the emitter to base?
Q8. In the NPN transistor, what section is made very thin compared with the other two sections?
Q9. What percentage of current in an NPN transistor reaches the collector?
Q10. What are the majority current carriers in a PNP transistor?
Q11. What is the relationship between the polarity of the voltage applied to the PNP transistor and thatapplied to the NPN transistor?
Q12. What is the letter designation for base current?
Q13. Name the two current loops in a transistor
Q14. What is the name of the device that provides an increase in current, voltage, or power of a signalwithout appreciably altering the original signal?
Q15. Besides eliminating the emitter-base battery, what other advantages can different biasing methodsoffer?
Q16. In the basic transistor amplifier discussed earlier, what is the relationship between the polarity of theinput and output signals?
Q17. What is the primary difference between the NPN and PNP amplifiers?
Q18. Which biasing method is the most unstable?
Q19. What type of bias is used where only moderate changes in ambient temperature are expected?
Q20. When is degeneration tolerable in an amplifier?
Q21. What is the most widely used combination-bias system?
Q22. What amplifier class of operation allows collector current to flow during the complete cycle of theinput?
Q23. What is the name of the term used to describe the condition in a transistor when the emitter-basejunction has zero bias or is reverse biased and there is no collector current?
Q24. What two primary items determine the class of operation of an amplifier?
Q25. What amplifier class of operation is the most inefficient but has the least distortion?
Q26. What are the three transistor configurations?
Q27. Which transistor configuration provides a phase reversal between the input and output signals?
Q28. What is the input current in the common-emitter circuit?
Q29. What is the current gain in a common-base circuit called?
Q30. Which transistor configuration has a current gain of less than 1?
Q31. What is the output current in the common-collector circuit?
Q32. Which transistor configuration has the highest input resistance?
Q33. What is the formula for GAMMA Y ?
Q34. List three items of information normally included in the general description section of aspecification sheet for a transistor
Q35. What does the number "2" (before the letter "N") indicate in the JAN marking scheme?
Q36. What is the greatest danger to a transistor?
Q37. What method for checking transistors is cumbersome when more than one transistor is bad in acircuit?
Q38. What safety precaution must be taken before replacing a transistor?
Q39. How is the collector lead identified on an oval-shaped transistor?
Q40. What are two transistor tests that can be done with an ohmmeter?
Q41. When you are testing the gain of an audio-frequency transistor with an ohmmeter, what isindicated by a 10-to-1 resistance ratio?
Q42. When you are using an ohmmeter to test a transistor for leakage, what is indicated by a low, butnot shorted, reverse resistance reading?
NEETS MODULE 7 CHAPTER 3 SPECIAL DEVICES
Q1. In a reverse biased PN-junction, which current carriers cause leakage current?
Q2. The action of a PN-junction during breakdown can be explained by what two theories?
Q3. Which breakdown theory explains the action that takes place in a heavily doped PN-junction witha reverse bias of less than 5 volts?
Q4. What is the doping level of an avalanche effect diode when compared to the doping level of aZener-effect diode?
Q5. During avalanche effect breakdown, what limits current flow through the diode?
Q6. Why is electron flow with the arrow in the symbol of a Zener diode instead of against the arrow asit is in a normal diode?
Q7. What is the main difference in construction between normal PN junction diodes and tunneldiodes?
Q8. What resistance property is found in tunnel diodes but not in normal diodes?
Q9. When compared to the ordinary diode, the tunnel diode has what type of depletion region?
Q10. In the tunnel diode, the tunneling current is at what level when the forbidden gap of the N-typematerial is at the same energy level as the empty states of the P-type material?
Q11. The varactor displays what useful electrical property?
Q12. When a PN junction is forward biased, what happens to the depletion region?
Q13. When the reverse bias on a varactor is increased, what happens to the effective capacitance?
Q14. The SCR is primarily used for what function?
Q15. When an SCR is forward biased, what is needed to cause it to conduct?
Q16. What is the only way to cause an SCR to stop conducting?
Q17. The TRIAC is similar in operation to what device?
Q18. When used for ac current control, during which alternation of the ac cycle does the TRIAC controlcurrent flow?
Q19. What type of bias is required to cause an LED to produce light?
Q20. When compared to incandescent lamps, what is the power requirement of an LED?
Q21. In a common anode, seven-segment LED display, an individual LED will light if a negativevoltage is applied to what element?
Q22. What is the resistance level of a photodiode in total darkness?
Q23. What type of bias is required for proper operation of a photodiode?
Q24. What is a typical light-to-dark resistance ratio for a photocell?
Q25. What semiconductor device produces electrical energy when exposed to light?
Q26. The UJT has how many PN junctions?
Q27. The area between base 1 and base 2 in a UJT acts as what type of common circuit component?
Q28. The sequential rise in voltage between the two bases of the UJT is called what?
Q29. What is the normal current path for a UJT?
Q30. What is one of the primary advantages of the FET when compared to the bipolar transistor?
Q31. The FET and the vacuum tube have what in common?
Q32. The base of a transistor serves a purpose similar to what element of the FET?
Q33. What are the two types of JFET?
Q34. The source and drain of an N-channel JFET are made of what type of material?
Q35. What is the key to FET operation?
Q36. What is the normal current path in an N-channel JFET?
Q37. Applying a reverse bias to the gate of an FET has what effect?
Q38. The input and output signals of a JFET amplifier have what phase relationship?
Q39. When compared to the JFET, what is the input impedance of the MOSFET?
Q40. What are the four elements of the MOSFET?
Q41. The substrate of an N-channel MOSFET is made of what material?
Q42. In a MOSFET, which element is insulated from the channel material?
Q43. What type of MOSFET can be independently controlled by two separate signals?
Q44. What is the purpose of the spring or wire around the leads of a new MOSFET?
NEETS MODULE 7 CHAPTER 4 SOLID-STATE POWER SUPPLIES
Q1. What are the four basic sections of a power supply?
Q2. What is the purpose of the rectifier section?
Q3. What is the purpose of the filter section?
Q4. What is the purpose of the regulator section?
Q5. What is the name of the simplest type of rectifier which uses one diode?
Q6. If the output of a half-wave rectifier is 50-volts peak, what is the average voltage?
Q7. In addition to stepping up or stepping down the input line voltage, what additional purpose doesthe transformer serve?
Q8. What was the major factor that led to the development of the full-wave rectifier?
Q9. What is the ripple frequency of a full-wave rectifier with an input frequency of 60 Hz?
Q10. What is the average voltage (Eavg) Output of a full-wave rectifier with an output of 100 volts peak?
Q11. What is the main disadvantage of a conventional full-wave rectifier?
Q12. What main advantage does a bridge rectifier have over a conventional full-wave rectifier?
Q13. If you increase the value of the capacitor, will the XC increase or decrease? Why?
Q14. What is the most basic type of filter?
Q15. In a capacitor filter, is the capacitor in series or in parallel with the load?
Q16. Is filtering better at a high frequency or at a low frequency?
Q17. Does a filter circuit increase or decrease the average output voltage?
Q18. What determines the rate of discharge of the capacitor in a filter circuit?
Q19. Does low ripple voltage indicate good or bad filtering?
Q20. Is a full-wave rectifier output easier to filter than that of a half-wave rectifier?
Q21. In an LC choke-input filter, what prevents the rapid charging of the capacitor?
Q22. What is the range of values usually chosen for a choke?
Q23. If the impedance of the choke is increased, will the ripple amplitude increase or decrease?
Q24. Why is the use of large value capacitors in filter circuits discouraged?
Q25. When is a second RC filter stage used?
Q26. What is the most commonly used filter today?
Q27. What are the two main disadvantages of an LC capacitor filter?
Q28. Circuits which maintain constant voltage or current outputs are called dc voltage or dc current___.
Q29. The purpose of a voltage regulator is to provide an output voltage with little or no ___.
Q30. The two basic types of voltage regulators are ___ and ___.
Q31. When a series voltage regulator is used to control output voltages, any increase in the inputvoltage results in an increase/a decrease (which one) in the resistance of the regulating device.
Q32. A shunt-type voltage regulator is connected in serial/parallel (which one) with the load resistance
Q33. In figure 4-37, the voltage drop across RS and R1 determines the amount of base-emitter ____for Q1
Q34. In figure 4-39, view A, when there is an increase in the input voltage, the forward bias of Q1increases/decreases (which one).
Q35. In view B of figure 4-39, when the load current increases and the output voltage momentarilydrops, the resistance of Q1 increase/decreases (which one) to compensate.
Q36. In figure 4-40, when there is an increase in the load resistance (R L), the resistance of R Vincreases/decreases (which one) to compensate for the change
Q37. In figure 4-43 any decrease in the base-emitter forward bias across Q1 results in an increase/adecrease (which one) in the resistance of the transistor.
Q38. A half-wave voltage doubler is made up of how many half-wave rectifiers?
Q39. If a half-wave rectifier is added to a half-wave voltage doubler, the resulting circuit is a voltage____.
Q40. In a full-wave voltage doubler, are the capacitors connected in series or in parallel with theoutput load?
Q41. What is the most important thing to remember when troubleshooting?
Q42. What is the main reason for grounding the return side of the transformer to the chassis?
Q43. What are two types of checks used in troubleshooting power supplies?
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